Tec — The Education Consultancy

Topics covered

• The ecosystem — levels of ecological organization, and abiotic and biotic components
• Flow of energy and materials in the ecosystem — food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy)
• Biogeochemical cycles — the carbon-oxygen cycle and the nitrogen cycle (fixation, nitrification, denitrification)
• Interactions in the ecosystem — competition, predation, and symbiosis (parasitism, commensalism, mutualism)
• Ecosystem balance and human impact — population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and deforestation
• Pollution — its types, consequences, and control (air, water, and soil pollution)
• Conservation of nature — renewable and non-renewable resources, and conservation efforts in Pakistan